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Who Is That Guy?

On an mild afternoon in mid-November, a man stands near the corner of 37^th Avenue and 78^th Street, across from P.S. 69, in Jackson Heights, NY. It’s a particular block where residents wouldn’t usually see vendors or solicitors set up shop.

He has set up a small, modest table featuring a poster for Senator Barack Obama’s 2008 presidential campaign along with stacks of literature conveying his policies on education. Wearing the theme-appropriate blue of the Democratic party by way of a baseball cap and windbreaker, he maintains a clipboard to petition passing pedestrians for signatures.

I often wonder about those individuals who still choose to volunteer in an election campaign, even though they may not necessarily be a part of a given candidate’s inner strategic circle (arguably where the source of potential power resides in terms of choice future appointments), i.e., what’s in it for the “little guy”?

Upon reflection, a case could be made that it is one of the purest forms of volunteerism. I know, the words “purity” and “politics” could hardly seem like complementary concepts to some people’s way of thinking, including my own often times, but bear with me on this.

There’s the obvious aspect of most campaign volunteers receiving little to no financial compensation for their time and effort. Indeed, volunteers sometimes even incur expenses that come right out of their own pockets.

Furthermore, when it comes down to it, promoting someone else for a leadership role is in some measure an act of self-sacrifice in terms of personal ego, a kind of self-effacement for the sake of a perceived community unified under the banner of a designated leader.

And after all that’s said and done, there is still no guarantee that a volunteer’s efforts will bear fruit in terms of a successful election bid for his or her candidate of choice. However, even if the volunteer’s chosen candidate becomes elected, there is no commensurate reciprocity except the hope of validation in the volunteer’s expectations for the candidate in his or her new political role. Even then, there is always the chance that the candidate could disappoint in that capacity.

Nonetheless, there are people still willing to endeavor with the highest hopes for a campaign. It’s an impressive level of dedication, especially against the usual complaints of voter apathy that tend to make the round table discussions during major elections. Although in regards to voter turnout, The Washington Post has an informative article from 2006 entitled “5 Myths About Turning Out the Vote” which may upend certain readers’ preconceptions.

Still, according to the U.S. Census Bureau Reports, U.S. voter turnout for the 2004 presidential elections was 64 percent among U.S. citizens ages 18 and older. The turnout rate by ethnicity was as follows:

• non-Hispanic whites: 67%
• blacks: 60%
• Hispanics: 46%
• Asians: 44%

From the previous presidential election in 2000, the vote increased by 5 percent for non-Hispanic whites and by 3 percentage points for blacks. There was no change in rate for Hispanics or Asians.

Getting to Know the Campaign Volunteer Who’s Getting to Know the Candidate

So who exactly is “the little guy” that still steps forth to volunteer in the face of all those issues? That individual might be someone like Professor Carrington Ward, a resident of Jackson Heights and volunteer for Queens County for Obama, a grassroots organization that supports the junior Senator from Illinois in his bid for the Presidency.

I had a chance to sit down with him in late November at Lety Café and Bakery in Jackson Heights. He stresses at the onset of the interview that he speaks strictly in the capacity of a volunteer whose personal views do not necessarily represent the campaign at large.

Standing, our representative “little guy” suggests the verticalness of a basketball player with a Hoosier-esque crew cut of sandy blond hair to match, while his wire-framed glasses and congenial baritone voice reflect an alternately scholarly background.

He and his wife, whom he met at the University of Chicago, moved from Chicago to New York City after he completed his Ph.D. in history, and also so his wife could complete her medical residency at nearby Elmhurst Hospital and Mt. Sinai Hospital in Manhattan.

Speaking in admiration of Jackson Heights, he comments, “It’s a great neighborhood just in terms of the value and the kind of character…extremely interesting.” He quips, “It’s a pretty good place to be a Manhattan refugee.”

He adds as a point of comparison, “As one friend of mine [remarked], who lived up to one of his dreams, which was to live in Greenwich Village, ‘It’s like this place [Greenwich Village] is a little bit too much like Epcot.’”

While at the University of Chicago, Professor Ward had first become aware of Barack Obama and learned more about him through Obama’s 2004 senate race in Illinois. Of the senator, Professor Ward remarks, “One of the things that is very clear is that he’s an extremely sharp, extremely intelligent politician and pretty down to earth.”

He continues, “And I think the thing that sealed the deal for me was actually his exchange-which he was supposed to have gotten the worse of-with [Hillary] Clinton [during the July 2007 Democratic debate] about diplomacy and whether to negotiate with enemies.”

“One of the things I found particularly impressive was essentially that he was returning to a much more sensible realism about the world: both an acceptance and an attempt to move strategically within a world that is not just about us.”

Professor Ward feels that Senator Barack Obama represents “a generational shift away from a Cold War mentality, away from our post-Cold War muddle.” He jokes wryly, “I keep waiting for the peace dividend to show up…it’s been a long time! I hope it’s been invested well.”

He also discusses the other factor that “latched” him on to Senator Obama was his book Dream from my Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance, which he called an impressive meditation on what it means to be American and “what it means to negotiate an identity in a country where identities are very much in flux.”

From the book, he infers that Senator Obama’s multicultural/international upbringing with “street-level” access has helped inform his views in a meaningful way, a perspective that other individuals who travel within the “tourist/diplomatic bubble” may not necessarily achieve.

He states, “I think it’s a hugely important insight that frankly I haven’t seen many of the other candidates display.” For Professor Ward, this is an essential criterion given the reduced expectation of presidential candidates to have military service from which they would have formerly gained their global experiences.

From Admirer to Volunteer for the Obama Campaign

Having established some of the reasons Professor Ward came to admire Senator Obama, I go on to ask about the events leading up to his volunteering for the Obama campaign.

After seeing Senator Obama at a New York fundraiser in May 2007, he met another attendee on the subway ride home to Jackson Heights. This individual suggested a meeting in Brooklyn where he could become more involved. Professor Ward decided to attend the meeting, which turned out to be a citywide strategy meeting for the Obama campaign.

The facilitators asked if there were anybody from Queens; Professor Ward raised his hand and realized his hand was the only one up. Although the volunteer campaign presence was strong in Brooklyn, he soon realized there would be a vacuum to fill in terms of covering the sizable borough of Queens, i.e., he would have to convince people there was an established campaign organization in Queens to keep things running.

I conjecture in our discussion about the critical mass of volunteers one would need for effective mobilization, to which he replies half-jokingly, “My experience is that the critical mass is…about two. Once you know that someone else is depending on you to do it, you actually do ‘do it.’ It’s about that time when you ‘hive’ off into groups of two in various areas that things start moving.”

Readers may wonder about the supposed futility of Obama campaigners working in New York state, since Hillary Clinton has the home court advantage as New York state’s junior senator. Professor Ward points out that not many people realize that in the New York primary for the Democratic nomination, unlike the Electoral College in presidential elections, the scenario is not winner-takes-all.

Each candidate may accumulate delegates (New York state has 232 “pledged” delegates and 46 “unpledged” delgates) within each state towards the ultimate goal of achieving the Democratic nomination on a national level.

“Unpledged” delegates consist of party leaders and elected officials who are free to choose their candidate. In this case, Senator Clinton would in all probability have the advantage given New York is her power base. However, “pledged” delegates must choose a candidate according to whom their local constituencies vote, so those delegates are up for grabs, so to speak.

These are the votes that Obama volunteers like Professor Ward petition for in the Democratic nomination. You can follow this link to the New York Times to see the 2008 Democratic Primary schedule.

Notes from the Field

Professor Ward has met a diverse group of people on the streets of Queens in his capacity as a volunteer, particularly in his canvassing duties, so I ask what insights he has gained regarding people’s perception of Obama’s cultural background, in particular the African-American community’s.

He notes, which he believes applies in particular to the Eastern urban areas, “the splits between African Americans and people of African descent,” i.e., native-born African Americans versus recent immigrants of African heritage. He finds that West Indians and Africans were often much more enthusiastic about Obama’s presidential candidacy than African Americans, “partially because of the conjunction of the racial and the immigrant experience that they found resonant.”

Citing an experience of those ethnic politics coming into play, Professor Ward recalls an episode in Far Rockaway, an area with a substantial African American population. He was canvassing at the time with a fellow volunteer who was a Nigerian immigrant, very much interested in American politics. Professor Ward himself is white.

“The funny thing is we would talk to African Americans about issues of interest to them and they would complain to me about immigrants and they would complain to him about white people. And then we’d kind of look at each other and it’s like, ‘You heard that, didn’t you?’ I think we were both trying to make the pretense of being out of earshot of each other.”

For Professor Ward, it raises the challenging issue of how Americans find “common ground, common languages, and common practices” in the face of ongoing immigration. He also worries about the possibility of a slow drift towards an apartheid system where those in power profit from the labor of the disenfranchised.

Final Words on Obama and on Volunteering

To a final question about the appeal of Senator Obama relative to the other presidential candidates, Professor Ward answers, “I think the crucial appeal is one of change. I think this showed up in the questions about diplomacy. It shows up in his focus on a grassroots organization, a grassroots campaign. And it shows up in the degree to which he encourages an active politics, street-level politics.”

“One of the problems that I see is that we don’t discuss politics as people on the street all that much. It’s kind of a spectator sport. And it is a real problem that we are going through of…I guess you would term it an ‘auto-disenfranchisement.’ We’re kind of losing our own voice.”

“And this is a point that many of the candidates have brought up, which is that Washington is not functioning particularly well. It’s gotten very comfortable with itself and not too comfortable with us.”

He goes on to say that the criticism about Obama’s ostensible lack of experience relative to some of the other candidates at the national level, to his mind, is actually a virtue in terms of being an agent for change, given the problematic “professionalizing” of politics that creates out-of-touch Washington insiders.

Reflecting on his experiences thus far as a volunteer, Professor Ward concludes, “It has been a fascinating experience in terms of going to places in Queens I wouldn’t go on my own. And that’s actually one of the wonderful things about politics is pushing yourself to leave your own comfort zone. Pushing yourself to encounter other people you wouldn’t otherwise encounter.”

Making a professional living is tough. Even when you find your calling, the choices you have, while they may come more into focus, don’t necessarily become any easier. Throw into the mix that you happen to be a foreign national trying to get a film made in New York City, and said individual has got his work cut out for him. However, when you believe in the medium of film as strongly as I learned filmmaker Jinoh Park does, such circumstances are simply part of the grand quest for artistic growth.

Jinoh Park was born in Seoul, South Korea, but for now, he calls the neighborhood of Jackson Heights, Queens his home as he commutes daily into Manhattan, endeavoring to make his first full feature-length film. An alumnus of New York University’s Graduate Film Program, he is certainly no stranger to the city.

To date, his short films “Lunch,” “Request,” and “Slowly Silently” achieved international recognition as official selections in numerous film festivals around the world, including the Cannes Film Festival, the Sundance Film Festival, and the DGA (Directors Guild of America) Haig P. Manoogian Screenings in Los Angeles, to name a few.

I sat down with Jinoh recently in November, on the second floor of a deli not far from Manhattan’s own Koreatown, to discuss the beginning stages of his film. He had just made his final casting decision that evening for the female lead, an actress by the name of Marina Michelson, with whom he was in the midst of discussing the film’s character roles.

I decided to take the interim to ask his assistant Chris Hwang some details about the film. Its working title is Night and Day. He describes the plot in brief as an actor and actress spending a full twenty-four hours against the backdrop of New York City. There is a story outline, but the script will be developed in organic fashion, which Chris indicates has a notable precedent in the expressionist pastiche method of director Wong Kar-wai.

Jinoh concludes his discussion with Marina, who says her good-byes until their first rehearsal. Although I hope to be able to speak with various members of the cast and crew as the film develops, for now I am eager to begin my interview in earnest with the aspiring director.

If Quentin Tarantino’s voice shoots out like a hare hopped up on caffeine pills, then Jinoh’s voice ambles forth with a tortoise’s profound convictions about reaching the finish line. As we talk, his demeanor is one of continual introspection, so that sometimes his face flashes moments of mild but genuine surprise at his spoken words, as if skirting the edges of knowledge heretofore unknown, but then quickly accepting their intrinsic truth.

Prior to our discussion, I learned from Chris that Jinoh also plans to take the lead male role in the film, so I’m curious to ask him his reasoning behind this particular creative decision. He responds, “I think sincerity is one of the most important factors for me both as a director and an actor. I want to really feel in all honesty, you know, try to achieve in both ways.” He emphasizes that this decision was not a conscious one, but happened naturally as a result of his various experiences in filmmaking over the years. Although he has also had prior acting experience, he feels more ready to take it seriously now and see what happens.

Shifting focus to his role as the director, I ask how he felt about moving across cultures as a Korean national directing an American-based film, citing Clint Eastwood and Ang Lee as filmmakers who have worked on films outside their normal spheres of cultural familiarity, i.e., Letters to Iwo Jima and Sense and Sensibility, respectively.

Indicating his great respect for those two directors, he answers, “I’m very interested in exploring different, specific cultures. I was born in Korea; however, America has been very important to me. So culturally, spiritually, emotionally, I feel very close to the States.”

He continues, “But I think cinema is essentially about a universal language. I truly believe and hope that cinema can overcome any specific culture. And it can really deal with the essence of life like human nature, human heart, human beings.”

To the practical matter of trying to direct the performances of characters in an unfamiliar culture, Jinoh recalls a response by Ang Lee (whom Jinoh had occasion to meet a few times) to critics who questioned whether a Taiwanese-born director could effectively direct a British period piece like Sense and Sensibility. (To my mind, such thinking reveals an inherent Hollywood hypocrisy, since relatively little concerns were raised about films ranging from “The King and I” to the more recent “The Last Samurai,” where foreign cultures were for the most part depicted under the helm of white directors).

According to Jinoh, Ang Lee expressed his belief that no one could truly know how people behaved back then (British people included) and thus found directorial freedom from that perspective. However, with a more contemporary movie like The Ice Storm, Ang Lee had to research far more extensively for the film in order to capture convincing details of the more recent era of the 1970s.

Regarding the barrier of language across cultures, although citing his admiration for Polish director Krzysztof Kieslowski, who spoke little French yet directed many French-speaking films, Jinoh qualifies that he believes it would be better for a director to be familiar with the language in which he is directing.

When I ask why he decided to make his first feature-length film in the U.S.A. versus South Korea, he answers that it’s not so much a conscious decision as it is a manifestation of where he stands now in his life experience. During his 3 years of obligatory military service in South Korea, he thought deeply about his aspirations, not even sure if he was interested in the particular medium of film.

It wasn’t until coming to the U.S. that his commitment to film evolved. Living here, Jinoh is able to surmise, “One of the happiest moments for me as a human being is when I go to the cinema.”

Unfortunately, since the evening was stretching on into the night and Jinoh still had business to discuss with his assistant Chris, I wasn’t able to explore in greater depth the whys and wherefores of his artistic evolution, but given his open invitation to visit him during various parts of the filmmaking process, I was sure there would be more opportunities.

Similar to the conception of his film, I plan to write future postings (you’ll note the “Part 1” in the title) in like-minded organic fashion. As the film develops, so will this particular series of blogs entitled “Making a New York Film,” paying close attention, as is the wont of this site, to the fascinating cross-cultural issues that stem from filmmaking.

On August 8, 2005, President George W. Bush signed the Energy Policy Act of 2005. So what possible bearing could this have on the 18^th Annual Children’s Halloween Parade in Jackson Heights, Queens in 2007?

Because of this new policy which called for Daylight Saving Time to be extended starting in 2007 (clocks will fall back an hour on the first Sunday of November as opposed to the last Sunday of October), parade participants—as a first—were able march under a holiday-appropriate orange-hued sunset.

The act was implemented as a national policy effort to save energy, but for parade participants here, it provided the incidental benefit of having the sun take a little longer to set as the parade followed its westward course through the Jackson Heights neighborhood along 37^th Avenue.

Sponsored by the Jackson Heights Beautification Group (JHBG), the parade was to be a family-friendly event, and that intention was in full evidence. Toddlers, teens, and everything between marched down 37^th Avenue, punctuated by local schools and marching bands throughout the line. I had caught a glimpse of an Optimus Prime here, a few Spider-Men over there, many princesses, a baby Cookie Monster, and the list goes on.

The wee little ones went in style as their parents pushed them along in wave after wave of strollers. Most parents opted for the plainclothes-chaperon look (as most busy parents probably do on Halloween night), but a few made the extra effort to also wear costumes with their kids. But even parents that didn’t dress up were sometimes stuck with the incongruous appearance of carrying their kids’ costume props, e.g., I spotted one mom in business-casual attire dutifully holding her child’s rather unwieldy (even if only plastic) double-bladed axe as he concentrated on gathering treats for his loot bag.

As the parade progressed, many local merchants kept their doors open in anticipation of annual trick-or-treaters who moved from shop to shop. For Octavio, co-owner of Lety’s Bakery (named after his wife), this is his first Halloween in Jackson Heights, having only opened up his bakery six months ago on 37^th Avenue.

Octavio rarely comes out from the back kitchen, working hard to put out a fresh assortment of Italian pastries for the store’s display cases, but on this Halloween night, he stands in the seating area (although never far from the kitchen) in order to take in all the sights from his storefront window. Two of his staff take customer orders as usual, pulling double-duty by also giving out candy to incoming trick-or-treaters. He apologizes for his limited English but smiles as I ask him what he thinks of the neighborhood. “Jackson Heights is beautiful. Yes.”

Moving further east, I ask the new owner of Monika’s Polish Meat & Deli, whose store is also along the parade path, how much money she had to spend on candy in preparation for trick-or-treaters. She chuckles, “I’m not entirely sure, but at least $40!” According to her, the store has been around for about 10 years, but this is also her first year experiencing the parade.

Back in the parade, a man in a dark fall coat bears a festive orange sash indicating “Parade Marshall” across his shoulder. He enjoys a lollipop (indeed, why should the kids get all the treats?) while waiting at the corner of an intersection for his students to come along the parade route.

Before his students arrive, one child in the parade exclaims (loudly enough even to overwhelm the music of one of the nearby marching bands), “You’re the guy from the church!” Indeed, that “guy” is Dr. Ronald Tompkins, Senior Pastor of the Community United Methodist Church in Jackson Heights. But this evening, he will be greeting his students as Chair of the Board that supports the 82^nd Street Academics, a local after-school program.

Walking into the middle of the avenue to greet them all, Dr. Tompkins finds himself standing waist-deep in a flow of children who continue along the parade route. His face beams with amiable pride. After the last students walk by, he returns back to the side of the parade to declare, “They’re 100 of the best kids in Jackson Heights.”

Throughout the entire parade event, police officers were at every intersection from 89^th Street to 77^th Street to manage the crowds, maintaining a firm but polite tone towards individual pedestrians who were wandering or dawdling where they shouldn’t be. They set up fairly elaborate barricades in the concluding block of the parade, where volunteers for the JHBG volunteers waited on hand with 3000 plus loot bags (they refer to them as “goodie bags”) to hand out to the children who participated in the parade.

For Richard Mirro, a local resident dressed as Harry Potter’s Professor Severus Snape, he estimates this is 6^th time attending the parade. In comparison to previous years, he says, “The parade has grown quite a bit,” but happily notes that it still retains a local flavor and remains dedicated to the children.

It’s Carl Eden’s 8^th time (he’s sporting a beanie with devilish horns), and even with the conclusion of the parade, his Halloween won’t end until he’s distributed candy to all the trick-or-treaters he expects will come around to his apartment complex later in the evening. For some of his over-eager trick-or-treaters, he posts a sign, “You can come by once, but the second time you might be cursed!”

Putting aside the temptation of going for seconds at the same doorstep, the children of Jackson Heights are fortunate to receive the community support that they do on so many levels, and not just this one day out of the year. And as for the piles of candy the children will have accumulated from this Halloween night, it’s good to know that the Jackson Heights community also has its fair share of dental offices (or scary to know, depending upon how you feel about dentists)! Brush those teeth, kids.

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